{"id":1526,"date":"2020-09-05T07:08:39","date_gmt":"2020-09-05T12:08:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/?p=1526"},"modified":"2024-05-11T06:53:46","modified_gmt":"2024-05-11T11:53:46","slug":"blooms-taxonomy-and-the-importance-of-objectives-3-blessings-of-blooms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/09\/05\/blooms-taxonomy-and-the-importance-of-objectives-3-blessings-of-blooms\/","title":{"rendered":"Bloom&#8217;s Taxonomy and the Importance of Objectives: 3 Blessings of Bloom&#8217;s"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"\"><em>\u201cWould you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?\u201d<br>\u201cThat depends a good deal on where you want to get to,\u201d said the Cat.<br>\u201cI don\u2019t much care where\u2013\u201d said Alice.<br>\u201cThen it doesn\u2019t matter which way you go,\u201d said the Cat.<br>\u201c\u2013so long as I get SOMEWHERE,\u201d Alice added as an explanation.<br>\u201cOh, you\u2019re sure to do that,\u201d said the Cat, \u201cif you only walk long enough.\u201d<\/em> <\/p>\n<cite><a href=\"http:\/\/www.open-bks.com\/alice-71-72.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lewis Caroll, <em>Alice\u2019s Adventures in Wonderland<\/em>, 71-72<\/a> <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"is-style-rounded wp-block-image alignleft size-large is-resized is-style-rounded--1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"682\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"1527\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/09\/05\/blooms-taxonomy-and-the-importance-of-objectives-3-blessings-of-blooms\/alice-in-wonderland\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/alice-in-wonderland.jpg?fit=1131%2C1697&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1131,1697\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"alice-in-wonderland\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/alice-in-wonderland.jpg?fit=200%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/alice-in-wonderland.jpg?fit=682%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/alice-in-wonderland.jpg?resize=682%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Alice wandering in wonderland\" class=\"wp-image-1527\" style=\"width:363px;height:545px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/alice-in-wonderland.jpg?resize=682%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 682w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/alice-in-wonderland.jpg?resize=200%2C300&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/alice-in-wonderland.jpg?resize=768%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/alice-in-wonderland.jpg?resize=1024%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/alice-in-wonderland.jpg?w=1131&amp;ssl=1 1131w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">The case of Alice may be considered a good cipher for that of many modern educators. We have a vague awareness in all our modern \u2018subjects\u2019 and \u2018classes\u2019 that our students are supposed to be getting somewhere. But we are not always sure of where. At the end of the day, many teachers rejoice in success if they have simply made \u2018progress\u2019 in any particular direction. Work has been done, material has been covered, grades have been entered, and not too many disciplinary situations had to be resolved.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">In such an experience of teaching, Bloom\u2019s taxonomy can act as a real savior, delivering the average teacher from the listless state of meandering about the work of school. The <a href=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/08\/15\/blooms-taxonomy-and-the-purpose-of-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">definite aims of the cognitive domain<\/a> in all the precision of their taxonomy have the power to cut through the ambiguity and aimlessness of much modern teaching.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">In this article we build on our proposal to replace <strong>Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives<\/strong> with <strong>Aristotle\u2019s Five Intellectual Virtues<\/strong> by starting with an analysis of the positive of Bloom\u2019s. In proposing a taxonomy of educational objectives, Bloom and his fellow university examiners made a real advance for modern education, even if they participated in the modern era\u2019s reductionistic philosophy. In the midst of an educational climate that now hosts an active postmodern retreat from overarching values and metanarratives, the clarity of Bloom\u2019s taxonomy of learning goals is like a breath of fresh air to many educators. Instead of wandering aimlessly like Alice in Wonderland, here at last is a clear and precise path forward.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bloom&#039;s Taxonomy and the Importance of Objectives\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/voBd63VpNZo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">As I mentioned in the <a href=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/08\/15\/blooms-taxonomy-and-the-purpose-of-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">first article in this series<\/a>, it is important to recognize the positive in Bloom\u2019s taxonomy, even if we are ultimately going to propose a revision of it, because we are most likely to get back on track if we understand clearly where we went wrong. Wisdom involves sifting the value of another\u2019s viewpoint and integrating its virtues into a broader theory. If we simply dismissed Bloom\u2019s taxonomy as mere modernism, we would be acting only as reactionaries, like a pendulum swinging from one extreme to another. Instead we must take what is best from it and integrate it fully with the ancient and classical insights it neglected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">With that goal in mind, let\u2019s now discuss three blessings of Bloom\u2019s.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Objectives Avoid Subjective and Ideological \u201cLearning\u201d Activities<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Objectives Drive Observable Growth<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Objectives Foster Flow<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Blessings of Bloom\u2019s 1: Objectives Avoid Subjective and Ideological \u201cLearning\u201d Activities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"299\" height=\"200\" data-attachment-id=\"1272\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/05\/29\/teach-like-a-champion-for-the-classical-classroom-part-1-an-introduction\/doug-lemov\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Doug-Lemov.jpg?fit=299%2C200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"299,200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Doug-Lemov\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Doug-Lemov.jpg?fit=299%2C200&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Doug-Lemov.jpg?fit=299%2C200&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Doug-Lemov.jpg?resize=299%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Doug-Lemov.jpg?w=299&amp;ssl=1 299w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Doug-Lemov.jpg?resize=120%2C80&amp;ssl=1 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 299px) 100vw, 299px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">The value of educational objectives is well-illustrated by the anecdote of Doug Lemov, a trainer at Uncommon Schools and author of <em><a href=\"https:\/\/teachlikeachampion.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Teach Like a Champion 2.0: 62 Techniques That Put Students on the Path to College<\/a><\/em>. In describing a teaching technique he calls \u201cBegin with the End,\u201d he explains his process of lesson planning as a novice teacher:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"\">When I started teaching, I would ask myself while I planned, \u2018What am I going to do tomorrow?\u201d The question itself revealed the flaws in my planning method in at least two critical ways\u2014even without accounting for my sometimes dubious answers.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"\">The first flaw was that I was thinking about an <em>activity<\/em> for my classes on the following day, not an <em>objective<\/em>\u2014what I wanted my students to know or be able to do by the end of the lesson. It\u2019s far better to start the other way around and <strong>Begin with the End<\/strong>\u2014the objective. By framing an objective first, you substitute \u201cWhat will my students be able to do by the end of my lesson?\u201d for \u201cIn which activities will my students participate today?\u201d The first of these questions is measurable in a meaningful way. The second is not. The success of an activity is not determined by whether or not you do it and students seem to want to do it, but by whether you achieved an objective that can be assessed.<\/p>\n<cite>Doug Lemov, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/teachlikeachampion.com\/books\/teach-like-champion-2-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Teach Like a Champion 2.0: 62 Techniques That Put Students on the Path to College<\/a><\/em> (Jossey-Bass, 2015), 132-133<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Lemov\u2019s original experience is reminiscent of Alice\u2019s listless meandering and is a cogent critique of many teachers today. It is still common for some teachers to plan activities with no awareness of their purpose other than to fill up the time that students are there. Or worse is when teachers plan activities, like watching a part of a movie or a YouTube video, simply to check the box of incorporating technology into the classroom or some other ideological agenda.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"1342\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/06\/20\/teach-like-a-champion-for-the-classical-classroom-part-2-teacher-driven-professional-development\/checklist\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Checklist.jpg?fit=900%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"900,300\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Checklist\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Checklist.jpg?fit=300%2C100&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Checklist.jpg?fit=900%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Checklist.jpg?resize=900%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"checking boxes \" class=\"wp-image-1342\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Checklist.jpg?w=900&amp;ssl=1 900w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Checklist.jpg?resize=300%2C100&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Checklist.jpg?resize=768%2C256&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">This sort of error is the result of what Lemov had earlier called ideologically driven guidance, where teachers are judged as effective based on whether they have checked off<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"\">a growing list of \u2018musts\u2019: teachers must teach English, math, science, history, the arts, banking and financial literacy, environmental stewardship, entrepreneurship, and personal hygiene, in a technology-rich environment that builds self-esteem, seats students in pods, provides multiple solutions to every problem, avoids \u2018teacher talk,\u2019 and never exposes a student to a page of text that has more than five vocabulary words he or she doesn\u2019t know. Please don\u2019t forget the anti-drug unit.\u00a0<\/p>\n<cite><em><a href=\"http:\/\/teachlikeachampion.com\/books\/teach-like-champion-2-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Teach Like a Champion 2.0<\/a><\/em>, 6-7<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Kolby has written about this <a href=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/06\/20\/teach-like-a-champion-for-the-classical-classroom-part-2-teacher-driven-professional-development\/\">problem of ideologically driven guidance<\/a> in a series on <a href=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/05\/29\/teach-like-a-champion-for-the-classical-classroom-part-1-an-introduction\/\">how to synthesize Lemov\u2019s <em>Teach Like a Champion 2.0 <\/em>with the classical tradition<\/a>. The solution to this plethora of bureaucratic hoops is to empower teachers as field experts and master craftsmen, who hold themselves accountable to what works in meeting real objectives for student learning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/05\/01\/the-problem-of-technicism-in-conventional-education\/\">The Problem of Technicism in Conventional Education<\/a>, I revealed the flaws in the modern focus solely on technique, to the detriment of more holistic goals, like wisdom and virtue, but it\u2019s worth noting that the laundry list of postmodern ideological goals can leave the average teacher afloat on a sea of subjective preferences. Jumping through all the hoops makes each teaching moment as arbitrary as the last.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">By comparison with this, Bloom\u2019s modernist focus on objectives for student growth has a healthy realism and objectivity to it. At the end of your course, unit or lesson, the student should be objectively developed in some way. They should know something real and measurable, and not just had a fluffy experience of some kind. And if some definite knowledge is to be transferred, then the teacher must know what that is. As John Milton Gregory, an earlier modernist-classical thinker, stated memorably, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"\">\u201cWhat a man does not know he cannot teach, or, if he teaches, cannot know that he teaches.\u201d <\/p>\n<cite>John Milton Gregory, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Seven-Laws-Teaching-Evaluation-Stephenson\/dp\/1591281768\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Seven Laws of Teaching<\/em> (Canon Press, 2014)<\/a>, 27<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">If the teacher begins with a definite goal in mind, then at least she can know whether or not she reached it and adjust accordingly.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Which brings us to our second blessing of Bloom\u2019s\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Blessings of Bloom\u2019s 2: Objectives Drive Observable Growth<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/charlesduhigg.com\/books\/smarter-faster-better\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"333\" data-attachment-id=\"1528\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/09\/05\/blooms-taxonomy-and-the-importance-of-objectives-3-blessings-of-blooms\/smarter-faster-better\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Smarter-Faster-Better.png?fit=250%2C333&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"250,333\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Smarter-Faster-Better\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Smarter-Faster-Better.png?fit=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Smarter-Faster-Better.png?fit=250%2C333&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Smarter-Faster-Better.png?resize=250%2C333&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1528\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Smarter-Faster-Better.png?w=250&amp;ssl=1 250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Smarter-Faster-Better.png?resize=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">We have all likely heard of the acronym SMART goals, but we may not know the story of their development. In his book <em>Smarter Faster Better<\/em> Charles Duhigg describes how Edwin Locke and Gary Latham, two university psychologists, researched the most effective way to set goals. One of their experiments involved coaching typists at a large corporation who were already the fastest at their company. Locke and Latham provided them with a system for measuring how quickly they typed \u2014 at the beginning of the study, they averaged 95 lines per hour \u2014 then they helped them set a specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-bound goal (SMART), like averaging 98 lines per hour over the next week:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"\">The conversation didn\u2019t take long\u2014say fifteen minutes per person\u2014but afterward each typist knew exactly what to do and how to measure success. Each of them, put differently, had a SMART goal\u2026.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"\">But one week later, when the researchers measured typing speeds again, they found that the workers, on average, were completing 103 lines per hour. Another week later: 112 lines. Most of the typists had blown past the goals they had set. The researchers worried the workers were just trying to impress them, so they came back again, three months later, and quietly measured everyone\u2019s performance once more. They were typing just as fast, and some had gotten even faster.<\/p>\n<cite>Charles Duhigg, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/charlesduhigg.com\/books\/smarter-faster-better\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Smarter Faster Better: The Transformative Power of Real Productivity<\/a><\/em> (Random House, 2016), 117-118<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">The thing about goals is that they work! Objectives are powerful to the human psyche because they connect in to our dopaminergic system that rewards us for progress or movement in the right direction. As <a href=\"https:\/\/www.optimize.me\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Brian Johnson<\/a>, a self-proclaimed philosopher and personal-development coach, has paraphrased Aristotle, \u201cWe are teleological beings.\u201d We naturally like to aim at targets. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" data-attachment-id=\"1529\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/09\/05\/blooms-taxonomy-and-the-importance-of-objectives-3-blessings-of-blooms\/canva-woman-practicing-archery-indoors\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-Practicing-Archery-Indoors-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C1707&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1707\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 7D Mark II&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;73&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1600&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.016666666666667&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Canva-Woman-Practicing-Archery-Indoors\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-Practicing-Archery-Indoors-scaled.jpg?fit=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-Practicing-Archery-Indoors-scaled.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-Practicing-Archery-Indoors-scaled.jpg?fit=810%2C540&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1529\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-Practicing-Archery-Indoors-scaled.jpg?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-Practicing-Archery-Indoors-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-Practicing-Archery-Indoors-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-Practicing-Archery-Indoors-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-Practicing-Archery-Indoors-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-Practicing-Archery-Indoors-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1365&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-Practicing-Archery-Indoors-scaled.jpg?resize=120%2C80&amp;ssl=1 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">As Duhigg explains,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"\">\u201cSome 400 laboratory and field studies [show] that specific, high goals lead to a higher level of task performance than do easy goals or vague, abstract goals such as the exhortation to \u2018do one\u2019s best,\u2019\u201d Locke and Latham wrote in 2006 in a review of goal-setting studies. In particular, objectives like SMART goals often unlock a potential that people don\u2019t even realize they possess. The reason, in part, is because goal-setting processes like the SMART system force people to translate vague aspirations into concrete plans. The process of making a goal specific and proving it is achievable involves figuring out the steps it requires\u2014or shifting that goal slightly, if your initial aims turn out to be unrealistic. Coming up with a timeline and a way to measure success forces a discipline onto the process that good intentions can\u2019t match.<\/p>\n<cite><em><a href=\"https:\/\/charlesduhigg.com\/books\/smarter-faster-better\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Smarter Faster Better<\/a><\/em>, 118<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Alice and teachers like her may have good intentions, but the discipline of crafting and committing to goals makes for better teaching. This is because it requires clearer and more disciplined thinking and planning about the best or most effective course of action.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hmhbooks.com\/shop\/books\/Peak\/9780544947221\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"199\" height=\"300\" data-attachment-id=\"1530\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/09\/05\/blooms-taxonomy-and-the-importance-of-objectives-3-blessings-of-blooms\/peak\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Peak.jpg?fit=199%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"199,300\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Peak\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Peak.jpg?fit=199%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Peak.jpg?fit=199%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Peak.jpg?resize=199%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1530\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Another reason is that clear goals and a process that involves meaningful feedback are two of the characteristics that contribute to <a href=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2018\/09\/21\/deliberate-practice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">deliberate practice<\/a> (or at least purposeful practice), which is the gold standard of skill-development. The leading expert on elite performance, Anders Ericsson, describes the feedback loop of positive motivation involved in setting such clear goals that add up to larger objectives in his book <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hmhbooks.com\/shop\/books\/Peak\/9780544947221\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Peak: Secrets from the New Science of Expertise<\/a><\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"\">Deliberate practice involves well-defined, specific goals and often involves improving some aspects of the target performance; it is not aimed at some vague overall improvement. Once an overall goal has been set, a teacher or coach will develop a plan for making a series of small changes that will add up to the desired larger change. Improving some aspect of the target performance allows a performer to see that his or her performances have been improved by the training.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><\/p>\n<cite>Anders Ericsson and Robert Pool, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hmhbooks.com\/shop\/books\/Peak\/9780544947221\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Peak: Secrets from the New Science of Expertise<\/em> (Mariner Books 2017)<\/a>, 99<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">If teachers are holding themselves accountable to lesson goals and course objectives, then their teaching can become a craft that they practice in such a way as to attain greater and greater mastery. (By the way, this is exactly what <a href=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2018\/07\/20\/the-classical-distinction-between-an-art-and-a-science\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aristotle meant by the intellectual virtue of art or <em>techne<\/em><\/a>: a craft that someone can master to produce a noticeable difference in the world.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">After all, we know from studies that simply gaining more experience in a craft does not make a professional better, whether the person is a teacher, a doctor, a psychiatrist or a financial advisor. As Ericsson and Pool share,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" data-attachment-id=\"1531\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/09\/05\/blooms-taxonomy-and-the-importance-of-objectives-3-blessings-of-blooms\/canva-woman-in-black-hijab-sitting-on-brown-wooden-armchair\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-in-Black-Hijab-Sitting-on-Brown-Wooden-Armchair-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C1707&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1707\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.2&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Anna Avilova&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;ILCE-7M3&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1585312058&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;Anna Avilova&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;50&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;250&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.008&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Canva-Woman-in-Black-Hijab-Sitting-on-Brown-Wooden-Armchair\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-in-Black-Hijab-Sitting-on-Brown-Wooden-Armchair-scaled.jpg?fit=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-in-Black-Hijab-Sitting-on-Brown-Wooden-Armchair-scaled.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-in-Black-Hijab-Sitting-on-Brown-Wooden-Armchair.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1531\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-in-Black-Hijab-Sitting-on-Brown-Wooden-Armchair-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-in-Black-Hijab-Sitting-on-Brown-Wooden-Armchair-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-in-Black-Hijab-Sitting-on-Brown-Wooden-Armchair-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-in-Black-Hijab-Sitting-on-Brown-Wooden-Armchair-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-in-Black-Hijab-Sitting-on-Brown-Wooden-Armchair-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1365&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Canva-Woman-in-Black-Hijab-Sitting-on-Brown-Wooden-Armchair-scaled.jpg?resize=120%2C80&amp;ssl=1 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"\">Research has shown that the \u201cexperts&#8221; in many fields don\u2019t perform reliably better than other, less highly regarded members of the profession\u2014or sometimes even than people who have had no training at all. In his influential book <em>House of Cards: Psychology and Psychotherapy Built on Myth<\/em>, the psychologist Robyn Dawes described research showing that licensed psychiatrists and psychologists were no more effective at performing therapy than laypeople who had received minimal training. Similarly, many studies have found that the performance of financial \u201cexperts\u201d in picking stocks is little or no better than the performance of novices or random chance. And, as we noted earlier, doctors in general practice with several decades of experience sometimes perform worse, when judged by objective measures, than doctors with just a few years of experience\u2014mainly because the younger doctors attended medical school more recently, so their training is more up-to-date and they are more likely to remember it. Contrary to expectations, experience doesn\u2019t lead to improved performance among many types of doctors and nurses.<\/p>\n<cite>Ericsson and Pool, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hmhbooks.com\/shop\/books\/Peak\/9780544947221\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Peak<\/a><\/em>, 105<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Apparently, <a href=\"https:\/\/coramdeo-in.com\/experience-is-the-best-teacher-making-the-most-of-current-events-in-our-parenting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">experience is not the best teacher<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2018\/09\/21\/deliberate-practice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">deliberate practice<\/a> is. And specific measurable objectives increase the likelihood that a teacher is using the time in the classroom to <a href=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2018\/11\/29\/practicing-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>practice<\/em> her craft<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/downloads\/writing-classical-learning-objectives-webinar-recording\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"3690\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/downloads\/writing-classical-learning-objectives-webinar-recording\/copy-of-writing-classical-learning-objectives-webinar\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Copy-of-Writing-Classical-Learning-Objectives-Webinar.png?fit=1080%2C1080&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1080,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Copy-of-Writing-Classical-Learning-Objectives-Webinar\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Copy-of-Writing-Classical-Learning-Objectives-Webinar.png?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Copy-of-Writing-Classical-Learning-Objectives-Webinar.png?fit=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Copy-of-Writing-Classical-Learning-Objectives-Webinar.png?resize=1024%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3690\" style=\"width:432px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Copy-of-Writing-Classical-Learning-Objectives-Webinar.png?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Copy-of-Writing-Classical-Learning-Objectives-Webinar.png?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Copy-of-Writing-Classical-Learning-Objectives-Webinar.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Copy-of-Writing-Classical-Learning-Objectives-Webinar.png?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Copy-of-Writing-Classical-Learning-Objectives-Webinar.png?w=1080&amp;ssl=1 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Blessings of Bloom\u2019s 3: Objectives Foster Flow<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">For some classical educators, it is possible that the idea of educational objectives and goal setting has the tang of artificiality on it. They may feel that they left the educational establishment, in part to leave such things behind and simply enjoy the craft of teaching, focusing on the deeper and higher things. These past two sections may have been worrying to such educators, seeming to endorse the modern factory model of education. After all, isn\u2019t true classical education more about the intangibles, the unspecific and not easily measurable? Isn\u2019t it about transcendentals like truth, goodness, and beauty, and not the cramming of facts and the constant measurements of tests?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">To these educators I would appeal with the age-old saying, \u201cDon\u2019t throw the baby out with the bathwater.\u201d There is some dirty bathwater associated with goal setting and lesson targets. But arguably this is because of the ideologies and bureaucracy of modern educational institutions and not because of the principle itself. So we must ask whether in principle it really is anti-classical to have definite educational objectives to measure and push ourselves against.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/01\/11\/school-is-a-game\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"675\" data-attachment-id=\"838\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/01\/11\/school-is-a-game\/canva-chessboard-on-green-surface\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Canva-Chessboard-on-Green-Surface-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C1686&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1686\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Canva-Chessboard-on-Green-Surface\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Canva-Chessboard-on-Green-Surface-scaled.jpg?fit=300%2C198&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Canva-Chessboard-on-Green-Surface-scaled.jpg?fit=1024%2C675&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Canva-Chessboard-on-Green-Surface.jpg?resize=1024%2C675&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"ancient game pieces\" class=\"wp-image-838\" style=\"width:663px;height:436px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Canva-Chessboard-on-Green-Surface-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C675&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Canva-Chessboard-on-Green-Surface-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C198&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Canva-Chessboard-on-Green-Surface-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C506&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Canva-Chessboard-on-Green-Surface-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1012&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Canva-Chessboard-on-Green-Surface-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1349&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Canva-Chessboard-on-Green-Surface-scaled.jpg?resize=120%2C80&amp;ssl=1 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">After all, it is not only to jump through bureaucratic hoops that we set goals. The ancient traditions of human beings all across the world involves setting skill-development goals with clear feedback. Humans do this <a href=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/01\/11\/school-is-a-game\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">for the joy of the game<\/a>! It is intrinsically meaningful to grow and develop against a real standard. Having clear objectives and immediate feedback actually fosters <a href=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/flow\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">flow<\/a>, that timeless experience of getting lost in a challenging and meaningful activity. As the positive psychologist (and advocate of lifelong classical education) Mihaly Csikzentmahalyi explains in his book <em>Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience<\/em>,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/downloads\/fostering-the-flow-of-thought-webinar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"4071\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/downloads\/fostering-the-flow-of-thought-webinar\/copy-of-narration-based-bible-lesson-webinar-recording\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Copy-of-Narration-Based-Bible-Lesson-Webinar-Recording.png?fit=1080%2C1080&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1080,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Copy-of-Narration-Based-Bible-Lesson-Webinar-Recording\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Copy-of-Narration-Based-Bible-Lesson-Webinar-Recording.png?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Copy-of-Narration-Based-Bible-Lesson-Webinar-Recording.png?fit=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Copy-of-Narration-Based-Bible-Lesson-Webinar-Recording.png?resize=1024%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4071\" style=\"width:264px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Copy-of-Narration-Based-Bible-Lesson-Webinar-Recording.png?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Copy-of-Narration-Based-Bible-Lesson-Webinar-Recording.png?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Copy-of-Narration-Based-Bible-Lesson-Webinar-Recording.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Copy-of-Narration-Based-Bible-Lesson-Webinar-Recording.png?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Copy-of-Narration-Based-Bible-Lesson-Webinar-Recording.png?w=1080&amp;ssl=1 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"\">The reason it is possible to achieve such complete involvement in a flow experience is that goals are usually clear, and feedback immediate. A tennis player always knows what she has to do: return the ball into the opponent\u2019s court. And each time she hits the ball she knows whether she has done well or not. The chess player\u2019s goals are equally obvious: to mate the opponent\u2019s king before his own is mated. With each move, he can calculate whether he has come closer to this objective. The climber inching up a vertical wall of rock has a very simple goal in mind: to complete the climb without falling. Every second, hour after hour, he receives information that he is meeting that basic goal.<\/p>\n<cite>Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Flow-Psychology-Experience-Perennial-Classics\/dp\/0061339202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience<\/em> (Harper Perennial Modern Classics ed., 2008)<\/a>, 54<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Do you want to enjoy the experience of teaching? Then arguably adopting clear objectives for student learning and playing the game of always seeking improvement is the most direct route. Teaching is a craft, and excellence in a craft involves producing something definite in the world. There must be a product. If so, setting measurable and attainable goals for student growth and striving to meet those goals will be rewarding.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">We must of course still recognize that some of the best and highest aims of education are not easily measurable or attainable in a short time, and that does not mean we should abandon them as objectives. But that does not mean we can abandon SMART goals and lesson targets entirely. We must find a way to embrace both SMART goals and transcendent purposes at one and the same time. Yet that is a topic we must leave for next time\u2026.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mailchi.mp\/a2101a9488e0\/fostering-flow\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"1532\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2020\/09\/05\/blooms-taxonomy-and-the-importance-of-objectives-3-blessings-of-blooms\/black-and-white-filter-and-friends-biking-life-quotes-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Black-and-White-Filter-and-Friends-Biking-Life-Quotes-1.png?fit=1080%2C1080&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1080,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Black-and-White-Filter-and-Friends-Biking-Life-Quotes-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Black-and-White-Filter-and-Friends-Biking-Life-Quotes-1.png?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Black-and-White-Filter-and-Friends-Biking-Life-Quotes-1.png?fit=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Black-and-White-Filter-and-Friends-Biking-Life-Quotes-1.png?resize=1024%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1532\" style=\"width:400px;height:400px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Black-and-White-Filter-and-Friends-Biking-Life-Quotes-1.png?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Black-and-White-Filter-and-Friends-Biking-Life-Quotes-1.png?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Black-and-White-Filter-and-Friends-Biking-Life-Quotes-1.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Black-and-White-Filter-and-Friends-Biking-Life-Quotes-1.png?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Black-and-White-Filter-and-Friends-Biking-Life-Quotes-1.png?w=1080&amp;ssl=1 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\">Interested in more on fostering flow in your classroom? Download the free eBook <a href=\"https:\/\/mailchi.mp\/a2101a9488e0\/fostering-flow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a> or visit <a href=\"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/flow\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the flow page<\/a> to learn more and watch a video by the author, describing the flow state and its relevance to your teaching practices in the classroom. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cWould you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?\u201d\u201cThat depends a good deal on where you want to get to,\u201d said the Cat.\u201cI don\u2019t much care where\u2013\u201d said Alice.\u201cThen it doesn\u2019t matter which way you go,\u201d said the Cat.\u201c\u2013so long as I get SOMEWHERE,\u201d Alice added as an explanation.\u201cOh, you\u2019re sure [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1533,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[29],"tags":[2,334,347,5,669,103,348,64,312,309,335,346,345],"class_list":["post-1526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-modern-research","tag-aristotle","tag-blooms-taxonomy","tag-craft-of-teaching","tag-deliberate-practice","tag-education-policy","tag-flow","tag-goal-setting","tag-goals-of-education","tag-growth","tag-intellectual-virtues","tag-learning-objectives","tag-learning-targets","tag-smart-goals"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bloom&#039;s Taxonomy and the Importance of Objectives: 3 Blessings of Bloom&#039;s &#8226;<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bloom&#039;s taxonomy recommends the use of learning objectives. 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The major flaw in Bloom\u2019s taxonomy, which is a hierarchical categorization of educational goals in the cognitive domain, is that\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Modern Research&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Modern Research","link":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/category\/modern-research\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Bloom's Taxonomy","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/blooms.jpg?fit=498%2C366&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1966,"url":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2021\/03\/27\/what-blooms-left-out-a-comparison-with-aristotles-intellectual-virtues\/","url_meta":{"origin":1526,"position":2},"title":"What Bloom&#8217;s Left Out: A Comparison with Aristotle&#8217;s Intellectual Virtues","author":"Jason Barney","date":"March 27, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"In the last three articles in this series, I laid out the good, the bad and the ugly of Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy. After the last two posts it is perhaps worth reaffirming the value of Bloom\u2019s project. While I ultimately believe that Bloom and his colleagues may have done more harm\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Classical Tradition&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Classical Tradition","link":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/category\/classical-tradition\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Untitled-design-2.png?fit=1200%2C783&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Untitled-design-2.png?fit=1200%2C783&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Untitled-design-2.png?fit=1200%2C783&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Untitled-design-2.png?fit=1200%2C783&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Untitled-design-2.png?fit=1200%2C783&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1921,"url":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2021\/03\/06\/when-blooms-gets-ugly-cutting-the-heart-out-of-education\/","url_meta":{"origin":1526,"position":3},"title":"When Bloom&#8217;s Gets Ugly: Cutting the Heart out of Education","author":"Jason Barney","date":"March 6, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Bloom's Taxonomy cuts out the heart of education by cultivating bloated heads and shrivelled chests and leaving out man as maker and doer.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;History of Education&quot;","block_context":{"text":"History of Education","link":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/category\/history-of-education\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Canva-Empty-Classroom-with-White-Board-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Canva-Empty-Classroom-with-White-Board-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Canva-Empty-Classroom-with-White-Board-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Canva-Empty-Classroom-with-White-Board-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Canva-Empty-Classroom-with-White-Board-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2663,"url":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2022\/02\/05\/apprenticeship-in-the-arts-part-3-crafting-lessons-in-artistry\/","url_meta":{"origin":1526,"position":4},"title":"Apprenticeship in the Arts, Part 3: Crafting Lessons in Artistry","author":"Jason Barney","date":"February 5, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"In the previous two articles in this series exploring Aristotle\u2019s intellectual virtues, I laid out a fivefold division of the arts and a teaching method for training in artistry. My guiding hypothesis is that rethinking education through the Aristotelian paradigm of intellectual virtues will combat some of the typical problems\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Classical Tradition&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Classical Tradition","link":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/category\/classical-tradition\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Untitled-design-22-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Untitled-design-22-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Untitled-design-22-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Untitled-design-22-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Untitled-design-22-scaled.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4490,"url":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/2025\/01\/04\/slow-productivity-in-school-part-1-the-problem-of-pseudo-productivity\/","url_meta":{"origin":1526,"position":5},"title":"Slow Productivity in School, Part 1: The Problem of Pseudo-Productivity","author":"Jason Barney","date":"January 4, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Classical educators can often be found touting the Latin phrase multum, non multa, in favor of various revolutionary proposals to adopt quality over quantity, depth over breadth, much over many things. (See for instance this article on Memoria Press by Andrew Campbell, or Christopher Perron\u2019s lecture on Classical Academic Press.)\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Modern Research&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Modern Research","link":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/category\/modern-research\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Slow-Productivity-Email-Banner.jpg?fit=600%2C200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Slow-Productivity-Email-Banner.jpg?fit=600%2C200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Slow-Productivity-Email-Banner.jpg?fit=600%2C200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1526"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1526\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4282,"href":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1526\/revisions\/4282"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/educationalrenaissance.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}